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nginx源码分析—全局变量ngx_cycle的初始化

程序开发 2023-09-11 14:01:59

作者:阿波

链接:http://blog.csdn.net/livelylittlefish/article/details/7247080

Content

0.序

1. ngx_cycle_t结构

2. ngx_init_cycle()分析

3.注意问题

3.1如何调用CORE模块的callback函数?

3.2 open_files链表中的文件名何时初始化?

4.小结

 

0.序

 

Nginx的大部分初始化工作主要围绕一个类型为ngx_cycle_t类型的全局变量(cycle)展开。本文重点介绍全局变量ngx_cycle的初始化。

实现文件:./src/core/ngx_cycle.c。.表示nginx-1.0.4代码目录,本文为/usr/src/nginx-1.0.4。

 

1. ngx_cycle_t结构

 

该结构在./src/core/ngx_cycle.h文件中定义,如下。

struct ngx_cycle_s {void                  ****conf_ctx;  //配置上下文数组(含所有模块)ngx_pool_t               *pool;      //内存池ngx_log_t                *log;       //日志ngx_log_t                 new_log;ngx_connection_t        **files;     //连接文件ngx_connection_t         *free_connections;  //空闲连接ngx_uint_t                free_connection_n; //空闲连接个数ngx_queue_t               reusable_connections_queue;  //再利用连接队列ngx_array_t               listening;     //监听数组ngx_array_t               pathes;        //路径数组ngx_list_t                open_files;    //打开文件链表ngx_list_t                shared_memory; //共享内存链表ngx_uint_t                connection_n;  //连接个数ngx_uint_t                files_n;       //打开文件个数ngx_connection_t         *connections;   //连接ngx_event_t              *read_events;   //读事件ngx_event_t              *write_events;  //写事件ngx_cycle_t              *old_cycle;     //old cycle指针ngx_str_t                 conf_file;     //配置文件ngx_str_t                 conf_param;    //配置参数ngx_str_t                 conf_prefix;   //配置前缀ngx_str_t                 prefix;        //前缀ngx_str_t                 lock_file;     //锁文件ngx_str_t                 hostname;      //主机名
 };

该结构体的大小是确定的,sizeof(ngx_cycle_t)=224。

其中,

  • pathes数组元素结构为ngx_path_t;
  • open_files链表元素结构为ngx_open_file_t;
  • shared_memory链表元素结构为ngx_shm_zone_t;
  • listening数组元素结构为ngx_listening_t,该数组用来存放监听套接字。

各种数据结构关系图如下。

 

2. ngx_init_cycle()分析

初始化过程如下。

  • 调用ngx_timezone_update()更新时区,调用ngx_time_update()更新时间
  • 创建大小为NGX_CYCLE_POOL_SIZE=16384B的内存池,并从中分配ngx_cycle_t结构
  • 简单初始化,如记录pool指针、log指针
  • 初始化配置前缀、前缀、配置文件、配置参数等字符串
  • 初始化pathes数组
  • 初始化open_files链表
  • 初始化shared_memory链表
  • 初始化listening数组
  • 初始化resuable_connections_queue队列
  • 从pool为conf_ctx分配空间
  • 初始化hostname字符串
  • 调用core模块的create_conf()
  • 配置文件解析
  • 调用core模块的init_conf()
  • 遍历open_files链表中的每一个文件并打开
  • 创建共享内存并初始化(新旧shared_memory链表的比较,相同的共享内存保留,旧的不同的共享内存被释放,新的被创建)
  • (尝试5遍)遍历listening数组并打开所有侦听sockets(socket()->setsockopt()->bind()->listen())
  • 提交新的cycle配置,并调用所有模块的init_module(实际上只有ngx_event_core_module模块定义了该callback,即只有ngx_event_module_init()被调用)
  • 关闭或删除残留在old_cycle中的资源
    • 释放多余的共享内存
    • 关闭多余的侦听sockets
    • 关闭多余的打开文件

具体请参考附录代码,不需要细究每一步实现,重要的是要搞清楚其初始化流程。 

简要的函数调用图如下。图的自动生成,可参考<用Graphviz可视化函数调用-使用开源软件来简化复杂调用结构>。

初始化过程中全局结构ngx_cycle结构图如下。

main()调用ngx_init_cycle()后,全局变量ngx_cycle的内容如下。可对比上图查看。

(gdb) p *ngx_cycle
 $3 = {conf_ctx = 0x6b1060, pool = 0x6b0280, log = 0x6b02e8, new_log = {log_level = 4, file = 0x6b0558, connection = 0, handler = 0, data = 0x0, action = 0x0}, files = 0x0, free_connections = 0x0, free_connection_n = 0, reusable_connections_queue = {prev = 0x6b0330, next = 0x6b0330}, listening = {elts = 0x6b0930, nelts = 1, size = 184, nalloc = 10, pool = 0x6b0280}, pathes = {elts = 0x6b04d8, nelts = 5, size = 8, nalloc = 10, pool = 0x6b0280}, open_files = {last = 0x6b0398, part = {elts = 0x6b0528, nelts = 2, next = 0x0
 ---Type  to continue, or q  to quit---}, size = 48, nalloc = 20, pool = 0x6b0280}, shared_memory = {last = 0x6b03d0, part = {elts = 0x6b08e8, nelts = 0, next = 0x0}, size = 72, nalloc = 1, pool = 0x6b0280}, connection_n = 1024, files_n = 0, connections = 0x0, read_events = 0x0, write_events = 0x0, old_cycle = 0x0, conf_file = {len = 32, data = 0x6b04b7 "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"}, conf_param = {len = 0, data = 0x6b04d8 "240{l"}, conf_prefix = {len = 22, data = 0x6b0490 "/usr/local/nginx/conf//usr/local/nginx//usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"}, prefix = {len = 17, data = 0x6b04a6 "/usr/local/nginx//usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"}, lock_file = {
 ---Type  to continue, or q  to quit---len = 33, data = 0x6ccee0 "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.lock.accept"}, hostname = {len = 4, data = 0x6b11c0 "yu30"}
 }

 

3.注意问题

 

3.1如何调用CORE模块的callback函数?

 

即如可调用core模块的create_conf()和init_conf()?

 

(1) callback定义

file: ./src/core/ngx_conf_file.h

typedef struct {          //定义core模块上下文类型ngx_str_t             name;            //模块名,即ngx_core_module_ctx结构体对象的ngx_string("core")void               *(*create_conf)(ngx_cycle_t *cycle);           //创建配置的callbackchar               *(*init_conf)(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, void *conf); //初始化配置的callback
 } ngx_core_module_t;

(2) callback初始化

静态初始化ngx_core_module_ctx和ngx_core_module结构。在编译期间就已确定CORE模块的callback了。

file: ./src/core/nginx.c

static ngx_core_module_t  ngx_core_module_ctx = {  //定义ngx_core_module模块上下文,改方式属于静态初始化ngx_string("core"),ngx_core_module_create_conf,ngx_core_module_init_conf
 };ngx_module_t  ngx_core_module = {          //定义ngx_core_module模块,也是静态初始化NGX_MODULE_V1,&ngx_core_module_ctx,                  /* module context */ngx_core_commands,                     /* module directives */NGX_CORE_MODULE,                       /* module type */NULL,                                  /* init master */NULL,                                  /* init module */NULL,                                  /* init process */NULL,                                  /* init thread */NULL,                                  /* exit thread */NULL,                                  /* exit process */NULL,                                  /* exit master */NGX_MODULE_V1_PADDING
 };

静态初始化ngx_core_commands结构。

file: ./src/core/nginx.c

static ngx_command_t  ngx_core_commands[] = {  //静态初始化core模块的命令{ ngx_string("daemon"),NGX_MAIN_CONF|NGX_DIRECT_CONF|NGX_CONF_FLAG,ngx_conf_set_flag_slot,0,offsetof(ngx_core_conf_t, daemon),NULL },{ ngx_string("master_process"),NGX_MAIN_CONF|NGX_DIRECT_CONF|NGX_CONF_FLAG,ngx_conf_set_flag_slot,0,offsetof(ngx_core_conf_t, master),NULL },{ ngx_string("timer_resolution"),NGX_MAIN_CONF|NGX_DIRECT_CONF|NGX_CONF_TAKE1,ngx_conf_set_msec_slot,0,offsetof(ngx_core_conf_t, timer_resolution),NULL },{ ngx_string("pid"),NGX_MAIN_CONF|NGX_DIRECT_CONF|NGX_CONF_TAKE1,ngx_conf_set_str_slot,0,offsetof(ngx_core_conf_t, pid),NULL },{ ngx_string("lock_file"),NGX_MAIN_CONF|NGX_DIRECT_CONF|NGX_CONF_TAKE1,ngx_conf_set_str_slot,0,offsetof(ngx_core_conf_t, lock_file),NULL },{ ngx_string("worker_processes"),NGX_MAIN_CONF|NGX_DIRECT_CONF|NGX_CONF_TAKE1,ngx_conf_set_num_slot,0,offsetof(ngx_core_conf_t, worker_processes),NULL },/* ... 省略中间的定义 */#if (NGX_THREADS){ ngx_string("worker_threads"),NGX_MAIN_CONF|NGX_DIRECT_CONF|NGX_CONF_TAKE1,ngx_conf_set_num_slot,0,offsetof(ngx_core_conf_t, worker_threads),NULL },{ ngx_string("thread_stack_size"),NGX_MAIN_CONF|NGX_DIRECT_CONF|NGX_CONF_TAKE1,ngx_conf_set_size_slot,0,offsetof(ngx_core_conf_t, thread_stack_size),NULL },#endifngx_null_command
 };

3.2 open_files链表中的文件名何时初始化?

在初始化open_files链表之后遍历该链表并打开文件之前,并未看到向open_files链表中写入文件名。那么,何时写入open_files链表的?

——在ngx_conf_open_file函数中写入。

具体请参考源代码。打开文件后,open_files链表就保存了ngx_open_file_t结构的数据,具体请参考该结构定义。

4.小结

本文主要分析ngx_cycle的初始化,后文继续分析其中调用的CORE模块的callback和配置文件解析等。

 

Appendix: ngx_init_cycle()代码

省略,可自行研究。

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